Three primary schools in lagos state, nigeria were randomly selected for the study. On the other hand, the dissemination of fluoride use is one of the reasons for caries decline at the end of the 20 th century. Introduction 1,2 the word caries is derived from latin word meaning rot or decay. Theories of dental caries free download as powerpoint presentation. Dental caries is a multifactorial disease in which the signs of carious demineralization can be seen on the hard dental tissues, but the disease process is initiated within the bacterial biofilm dental plaque that covers the tooth surface. Dental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth. History of dental caries facts and history of cariology. Increased risk of caries among recent migrants and among. The author rightly states, a correct knowledge and understanding of normal structures is a fundamental requirement for the study of their pathological changes. They are unsure if they should be aggressive in instrumenting suspicious lesions.
It is the destruction of dental hard acellular tissue by acidic byproducts from the bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates especially sucrose. Chapter 15 preventive dentistry flashcards quizlet. Etiology, clinical characterisitics, risk assessment, and management. It is the most prevalent chronic disease affecting the human race. B nyvad, w crielaard, a mira, n takahashi, d beighton. Following are some of the causes that is believed to cause dental caries chemical acid theory. This paper gives the definition of dental caries, its importance, and introductory remarks on enamel structure and composition. It is affected by the consumption of dietary sugars. Seokwoo lee, dds, ms, phd july 21, 2000 3 the specific plaque hypothesis and dental caries in 1924, clark isolated streptococci from human carious lesions, and named streptococcus mutans in 1960, keyes showed that cariesfree hamsters. However, caries remains one of the most prevalent noncommunicable chronic diseases in human beings, and an important. In children aged 28, hispanic and nonhispanic black children were more likely to experience any dental caries in primary teeth compared with nonhispanic white children. With improved understanding that dental caries is a biofilm ph dysfunction disease and that there are strong behavioral components to this disease, its time for the profession to. For caries to develop, three factors must occur at the same time.
Sodium fluoride added to drinking water to a concentration of 1 part per million is utilized by the body in formation of an enamel that is particularly resistant to caries. Forty years of research clearly demonstrates that seal. Some brands of smokeless tobacco contain high sugar content, increasing susceptibility to caries. Lets have a quick look on how cavities are formed once again. The disease and its clinical management has become the leading resource on cariology. It is the aim of this research to determine the correlation between the risk and protective factors in the dental caries in. Dental caries is a polymicrobial disease caused by various consortia. Prevalence and determinants of dental caries in portuguese. There is evidence to demonstrate that dental caries occurs when the body can no longer control the inflammatory process within the tooth. Irrespective of geographic location in the world, both males and females are affected from the condition. The systemic theory of dental caries ken southward, dds, fagd e namel erosion and dental caries are two different processes. The former is due to acids in the oral environment. A high rate of caries activity in the 1530 year age group.
Dental caries is the most prevalent disease among children and there are studies concerning its prevalence and associated oral health determinants. Saliva contains acidic and basic prolinerich proteins prps which attach to oral streptococci. Caries detection and diagnosis, sealants and management of. Tooth decay is a tissuedependent process of varying etiology. Changes in the prevalence of dental caries in primary. Dental caries may be considered as a disease of modern civilization, since prehistoric man was rarely affected. Understanding caries etiology and distribution is central to understanding potential opportunities for and likely impact of new biotechnologies and biomaterials to reduce the caries burden worldwide. This monograph on dental caries is based on the special pathology of the tissues concerned. It is the purpose of this chapter to present findings on diachronic change in the prevalence of dental caries in archaeological populations by way of study of a well documented series from the southeastern united. Yag laser caries treatment after applying of the same protocol in. Technology development to explore the relationship between oral health and the oral microbial community. Professor and chairman of the department of oral diagnosis, indiana university school of dentistry, indianapolis professor and chairman of the department of oral diagnosis, indiana.
Early childhood caries affects 28% of children aged 26 in the us and is not decreasing. The dental profession is experiencing a progressive shift from the traditional surgical model to a risk assessment based medical model in treating dental caries. According to this theory, teeth are destroyed by the acids formed in the oral cavity by the putrefaction of protein which produced ammonia and was subsequently oxidized to nitric. Dental caries the disease and its clinical management 2nd. The widespread expansion of the sugar market drove dental caries prevalence to high levels in several regions of the world. Prevalence of untreated dental caries and existing dental restorations in teeth, by sex, race and ethnicity, and poverty level. In the past, dental caries was thought to be caused by living worms inside the tooth structure. The clinical thrust of the first edition is widened and strengthened to include coverage of the disease in all its variety, from eruption of the first primary tooth to the. United states, 20052008 characteristic untreated dental caries dental restoration age in years total 519 2064 65 and over total 519 2064 65 and over total 21. In this highly anticipated new edition, the editors maintain the same focus on highlevel coverage of the disease etiology and process, clinical management bestpractice, and wider public health issues connected with dental caries management, including. There is a wellrecognized need to identify susceptible children at birth.
Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Caries is caused by pathobionts present at low levels under healthy conditions. The word caries is derived from latin, meaning rot or decay. Dental caries is caused by acids generated by the dental plaque adhering to the tooth surface. Dental caries is an infectious microbiological disease that results in localized dissolution and destruction of calcified structures of the teeth.
Cariesfree adults neutralize bacterial acids in dental biofilms better than adults with severe caries. Dental caries is an infective serious transmittable bacterial disease characterized by a multifactorial pathology. Dental caries is a process developing as a result of the disturbed balance between the factors comprising the oral environment. Caries and oral mucosal and periodontal diseases are the major cause of oral health problems. In this highlyanticipated new edition, the editors maintain the same focus on highlevel coverage of the disease aetiology and process, clinical management bestpractice, and wider public health issues connected with dental caries. Dental caries is a biofilmmediated, sugardriven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard. Polymicrobial diseases, including dental caries, are not infectious. Susceptibility to dental caries and the salivary proline. With an update of the recent progress in etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of caries, it may be said that the final defeat of dental caries is becoming possible soon. Main players in the etiology of this disease are cariogenic bacteria. Dental caries evidence for dietary archaeological context. The use of tobacco may also increase the risk for caries formation. It is one of the most common diseases throughout the world and history. They are prevalent in all ages and demographic and socioeconomic groups.
Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 572k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 598k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Dental caries, etiology, and remedy through natural. Overall, disparities persisted in the united states for dental caries and dental sealant prevalence in children and adolescents in 20112012. Pit and fissure sealants are highly effective at caries prevention, reducing the inci dence of dentinal caries over a four year period by greater than 50%. A high rate of caries activity in the elderly, including coronal, root surface and recurrent caries. To evaluate the changes in the prevalence of dental caries in lagos state over a 3 years period and the role of age, sex, and playing in the changes observed. Increased risk of caries among individuals that are medically compromised, or with some physical disability. Solving the etiology of dental caries sciencedirect. Six hundred and thirtythree children age 212 years, were examined for caries in 2000 while 5. Donovan this chapter presents basic definitions and information on dental caries, clinical characteristics of the caries lesion, caries risk assessment, and caries management, in the context of clinical operative dentistry. Based on the research in this area in recent decades, contemporary approach to dental caries contained the caries in general, the diagnosis of caries, caries control and prevention, the medical.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and. Dental caries is defined as an infectious microbiologic disease of the teeth that. Dental caries and sealant prevalence in children and. The aim of this study consisted in the assessment of the prevalence of dental caries, dmft and dmft index among schoolchildren and analysis of the association between oral health behaviors and socio. Dental caries, also known colloquially as tooth decay, is a disease of the teeth resulting in damage to tooth structure. Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease, which can cause the gingiva to recede. The dental caries pandemic and disparities problem bmc.
Theories of dental caries causes and etiology arunmktrichy. E m starke, j smoot, w liu, d chandler, h lee, d stahl. Dental caries etiology, clinical characteristics, risk assessment, and management. Caries detection and diagnosis, sealants and management of the possibly carious fissure. Parmly 1819 proposed that an unidentified chymical agent was responsible for caries. Pdf on feb 29, 2012, rafael da silveira moreira and others published epidemiology of dental caries in the world find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Following are some of the causes that is believed to cause dental carieschemical acid theory. There is no universally accepted opinion of the etiology of dental caries. Theories of caries etiology 2,4,6 the etiology of dental caries is a complex problem. Dental caries from a molecular microbiological perspective. Dental caries, tooth decay or a cavity, is an infection caused by bacteria which ferments food debris and produces acid which, in turn, causes demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues of the teeth enamel, dentin and cementum.
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